sub!

static VALUE
rb_str_sub_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE str)
{
    VALUE pat, repl, hash = Qnil;
    int iter = 0;
    int tainted = 0;
    int untrusted = 0;
    long plen;

    if (argc == 1 && rb_block_given_p()) {
        iter = 1;
    }
    else if (argc == 2) {
        repl = argv[1];
        hash = rb_check_convert_type(argv[1], T_HASH, "Hash", "to_hash");
        if (NIL_P(hash)) {
            StringValue(repl);
        }
        if (OBJ_TAINTED(repl)) tainted = 1;
        if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(repl)) untrusted = 1;
    }
    else {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1..2)", argc);
    }

    pat = get_pat(argv[0], 1);
    str_modifiable(str);
    if (rb_reg_search(pat, str, 0, 0) >= 0) {
        rb_encoding *enc;
        int cr = ENC_CODERANGE(str);
        VALUE match = rb_backref_get();
        struct re_registers *regs = RMATCH_REGS(match);
        long beg0 = BEG(0);
        long end0 = END(0);
        char *p, *rp;
        long len, rlen;

        if (iter || !NIL_P(hash)) {
            p = RSTRING_PTR(str); len = RSTRING_LEN(str);

            if (iter) {
                repl = rb_obj_as_string(rb_yield(rb_reg_nth_match(0, match)));
            }
            else {
                repl = rb_hash_aref(hash, rb_str_subseq(str, beg0, end0 - beg0));
                repl = rb_obj_as_string(repl);
            }
            str_mod_check(str, p, len);
            str_frozen_check(str);
        }
        else {
            repl = rb_reg_regsub(repl, str, regs, pat);
        }
        enc = rb_enc_compatible(str, repl);
        if (!enc) {
            rb_encoding *str_enc = STR_ENC_GET(str);
            p = RSTRING_PTR(str); len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
            if (coderange_scan(p, beg0, str_enc) != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT ||
                coderange_scan(p+end0, len-end0, str_enc) != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
                rb_raise(rb_eEncCompatError, "incompatible character encodings: %s and %s",
                         rb_enc_name(str_enc),
                         rb_enc_name(STR_ENC_GET(repl)));
            }
            enc = STR_ENC_GET(repl);
        }
        rb_str_modify(str);
        rb_enc_associate(str, enc);
        if (OBJ_TAINTED(repl)) tainted = 1;
        if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(repl)) untrusted = 1;
        if (ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN < cr && cr < ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN) {
            int cr2 = ENC_CODERANGE(repl);
            if (cr2 == ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN ||
                (cr == ENC_CODERANGE_VALID && cr2 == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT))
                cr = ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN;
            else
                cr = cr2;
        }
        plen = end0 - beg0;
        rp = RSTRING_PTR(repl); rlen = RSTRING_LEN(repl);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
        if (rlen > plen) {
            RESIZE_CAPA(str, len + rlen - plen);
        }
        p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
        if (rlen != plen) {
            memmove(p + beg0 + rlen, p + beg0 + plen, len - beg0 - plen);
        }
        memcpy(p + beg0, rp, rlen);
        len += rlen - plen;
        STR_SET_LEN(str, len);
        RSTRING_PTR(str)[len] = '\0';
        ENC_CODERANGE_SET(str, cr);
        if (tainted) OBJ_TAINT(str);
        if (untrusted) OBJ_UNTRUST(str);

        return str;
    }
    return Qnil;
}