downcase!

static VALUE
rb_str_downcase_bang(VALUE str)
{
    rb_encoding *enc;
    char *s, *send;
    int modify = 0;

    str_modify_keep_cr(str);
    enc = STR_ENC_GET(str);
    rb_str_check_dummy_enc(enc);
    s = RSTRING_PTR(str); send = RSTRING_END(str);
    if (single_byte_optimizable(str)) {
        while (s < send) {
            unsigned int c = *(unsigned char*)s;

            if (rb_enc_isascii(c, enc) && 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
                *s = 'a' + (c - 'A');
                modify = 1;
            }
            s++;
        }
    }
    else {
        int ascompat = rb_enc_asciicompat(enc);

        while (s < send) {
            unsigned int c;
            int n;

            if (ascompat && (c = *(unsigned char*)s) < 0x80) {
                if (rb_enc_isascii(c, enc) && 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
                    *s = 'a' + (c - 'A');
                    modify = 1;
                }
                s++;
            }
            else {
                c = rb_enc_codepoint_len(s, send, &n, enc);
                if (rb_enc_isupper(c, enc)) {
                    /* assuming toupper returns codepoint with same size */
                    rb_enc_mbcput(rb_enc_tolower(c, enc), s, enc);
                    modify = 1;
                }
                s += n;
            }
        }
    }

    if (modify) return str;
    return Qnil;
}