has_secure_password

Adds methods to set and authenticate against a BCrypt password. This mechanism requires you to have a XXX_digest attribute, where XXX is the attribute name of your desired password.

The following validations are added automatically:

• Password must be present on creation

• Password length should be less than or equal to 72 bytes

• Confirmation of password (using a XXX_confirmation attribute)

If confirmation validation is not needed, simply leave out the value for XXX_confirmation (i.e. don’t provide a form field for it). When this attribute has a nil value, the validation will not be triggered.

Additionally, a XXX_challenge attribute is created. When set to a value other than nil, it will validate against the currently persisted password. This validation relies on dirty tracking, as provided by ActiveModel::Dirty; if dirty tracking methods are not defined, this validation will fail.

All of the above validations can be omitted by passing validations: false as an argument. This allows complete customizability of validation behavior.

A password reset token (valid for 15 minutes by default) is automatically configured when reset_token is set to true (which it is by default) and the object responds to generates_token_for (which Active Records do).

Finally, the reset token expiry can be customized by passing a hash to has_secure_password:

has_secure_password reset_token: { expires_in: 1.hour }

To use has_secure_password, add bcrypt (~> 3.1.7) to your Gemfile:

gem "bcrypt", "~> 3.1.7"

Examples

Using Active Record (which automatically includes ActiveModel::SecurePassword)

# Schema: User(name:string, password_digest:string, recovery_password_digest:string)
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_secure_password
  has_secure_password :recovery_password, validations: false
end

user = User.new(name: "david", password: "", password_confirmation: "nomatch")

user.save                                                      # => false, password required
user.password = "vr00m"
user.save                                                      # => false, confirmation doesn't match
user.password_confirmation = "vr00m"
user.save                                                      # => true

user.authenticate("notright")                                  # => false
user.authenticate("vr00m")                                     # => user
User.find_by(name: "david")&.authenticate("notright")          # => false
User.find_by(name: "david")&.authenticate("vr00m")             # => user

user.recovery_password = "42password"
user.recovery_password_digest                                  # => "$2a$04$iOfhwahFymCs5weB3BNH/uXkTG65HR.qpW.bNhEjFP3ftli3o5DQC"
user.save                                                      # => true

user.authenticate_recovery_password("42password")              # => user

user.update(password: "pwn3d", password_challenge: "")         # => false, challenge doesn't authenticate
user.update(password: "nohack4u", password_challenge: "vr00m") # => true

user.authenticate("vr00m")                                     # => false, old password
user.authenticate("nohack4u")                                  # => user

Conditionally requiring a password

class Account
  include ActiveModel::SecurePassword

  attr_accessor :is_guest, :password_digest

  has_secure_password

  def errors
    super.tap { |errors| errors.delete(:password, :blank) if is_guest }
  end
end

account = Account.new
account.valid? # => false, password required

account.is_guest = true
account.valid? # => true

Using the password reset token

user = User.create!(name: "david", password: "123", password_confirmation: "123")
token = user.password_reset_token
User.find_by_password_reset_token(token) # returns user

# 16 minutes later...
User.find_by_password_reset_token(token) # returns nil

# raises ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature since the token is expired
User.find_by_password_reset_token!(token)

# File activemodel/lib/active_model/secure_password.rb, line 123
      def has_secure_password(attribute = :password, validations: true, reset_token: true)
        # Load bcrypt gem only when has_secure_password is used.
        # This is to avoid ActiveModel (and by extension the entire framework)
        # being dependent on a binary library.
        begin
          require "bcrypt"
        rescue LoadError
          warn "You don't have bcrypt installed in your application. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install."
          raise
        end

        include InstanceMethodsOnActivation.new(attribute, reset_token: reset_token)

        if validations
          include ActiveModel::Validations

          # This ensures the model has a password by checking whether the password_digest
          # is present, so that this works with both new and existing records. However,
          # when there is an error, the message is added to the password attribute instead
          # so that the error message will make sense to the end-user.
          validate do |record|
            record.errors.add(attribute, :blank) unless record.public_send("#{attribute}_digest").present?
          end

          validate do |record|
            if challenge = record.public_send(:"#{attribute}_challenge")
              digest_was = record.public_send(:"#{attribute}_digest_was") if record.respond_to?(:"#{attribute}_digest_was")

              unless digest_was.present? && BCrypt::Password.new(digest_was).is_password?(challenge)
                record.errors.add(:"#{attribute}_challenge")
              end
            end
          end

          # Validates that the password does not exceed the maximum allowed bytes for BCrypt (72 bytes).
          validate do |record|
            password_value = record.public_send(attribute)
            if password_value.present? && password_value.bytesize > ActiveModel::SecurePassword::MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH_ALLOWED
              record.errors.add(attribute, :password_too_long)
            end
          end

          validates_confirmation_of attribute, allow_nil: true
        end

        # Only generate tokens for records that are capable of doing so (Active Records, not vanilla Active Models)
        if reset_token && respond_to?(:generates_token_for)
          reset_token_expires_in = reset_token.is_a?(Hash) ? reset_token[:expires_in] : DEFAULT_RESET_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN

          silence_redefinition_of_method(:"#{attribute}_reset_token_expires_in")
          define_method(:"#{attribute}_reset_token_expires_in") { reset_token_expires_in }

          generates_token_for :"#{attribute}_reset", expires_in: reset_token_expires_in do
            public_send(:"#{attribute}_salt")&.last(10)
          end

          class_eval             silence_redefinition_of_method :find_by_#{attribute}_reset_token            def self.find_by_#{attribute}_reset_token(token)              find_by_token_for(:#{attribute}_reset, token)            end            silence_redefinition_of_method :find_by_#{attribute}_reset_token!            def self.find_by_#{attribute}_reset_token!(token)              find_by_token_for!(:#{attribute}_reset, token)            end, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
        end
      end