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Pre-defined variables
$! |
The exception information message set by ‘raise’. |
$@ |
Array of backtrace of the last exception thrown. |
$& |
The string matched by the last successful match. |
$` |
The string to the left of the last successful match. |
$‘ |
The string to the right of the last successful match. |
$+ |
The highest group matched by the last successful match. |
$1 |
The Nth group of the last successful match. May be > 1. |
$~ |
The information about the last match in the current scope. |
$= |
This variable is no longer effective. Deprecated. |
$/ |
The input record separator, newline by default. |
$\ |
The output record separator for the print and IO#write. Default is nil. |
$, |
The output field separator for the print and Array#join. |
$; |
The default separator for String#split. |
$. |
The current input line number of the last file that was read. |
$< |
The virtual concatenation file of the files given on command line (or from $stdin if no files were given). |
$> |
The default output for print, printf. $stdout by default. |
$_ |
The last input line of string by gets or readline. |
$0 |
Contains the name of the script being executed. May be assignable. |
$* |
Command line arguments given for the script sans args. |
$$ |
The process number of the Ruby running this script. |
$? |
The status of the last executed child process. This value is thread-local. |
$: |
Load path for scripts and binary modules by load or require. |
$“ |
The array contains the module names loaded by require. |
$DEBUG |
The debug flag, which is set by the -d switch. Enabling debug output prints each exception raised to $stderr (but not its backtrace). Setting this to a true value enables debug output as if -d were given on the command line. Setting this to a false value disables debug output. |
$LOADED_FEATURES |
The alias to the $“. |
$FILENAME |
Current input file from $<. Same as $<.filename. |
$LOAD_PATH |
The alias to the $:. |
$stderr |
The current standard error output. |
$stdin |
The current standard input. |
$stdout |
The current standard output. |
$VERBOSE |
The verbose flag, which is set by the -w or -v switch. Setting this to a true value enables warnings as if -w or -v were given on the command line. Setting this to nil disables warnings, including from Kernel#warn. |
$-0 |
The alias to $/. |
$-a |
True if option -a is set. Read-only variable. |
$-d |
The alias of $DEBUG. See $DEBUG above for further discussion. |
$-F |
The alias to $;. |
$-i |
In in-place-edit mode, this variable holds the extension, otherwise nil. |
$-I |
The alias to $:. |
$-l |
True if option -l is set. Read-only variable. |
$-p |
True if option -p is set. Read-only variable. |
$-v |
An alias of $VERBOSE. See $VERBOSE above for further discussion. |
$-w |
An alias of $VERBOSE. See $VERBOSE above for further discussion. |
Pre-defined global constants
TRUE |
The typical true value. |
FALSE |
The false itself. |
NIL |
The nil itself. |
STDIN |
The standard input. The default value for $stdin. |
STDOUT |
The standard output. The default value for $stdout. |
STDERR |
The standard error output. The default value for $stderr. |
The hash contains current environment variables. | |
The alias to the $<. | |
ARGV |
The alias to the $*. |
DATA |
The file object of the script, pointing just after __END__. |
RUBY_VERSION |
The ruby version string (VERSION was deprecated). |
RUBY_RELEASE_DATE |
The release date string. |
RUBY_PLATFORM |
The platform identifier. |